Different Types of Rat Species in North America

Also known as sewer rats and wharf rats. Can weigh 9-12 ounces and measure up to 11 inches with a tail almost as long. Fur ranges from brown to dark grey with lighter underbelly. Originated from China and now found on every continent except Antarctica.

Smaller than brown rat, measuring 5-7 inches with a 6-9 inch tail, weighing 6-8 ounces. Fur ranges from black to light brown. Originated from India and spread globally aboard ships (hence "ship rat"). Excellent climbers that nest in attics and treetops.

Larger species reaching 21 ounces and 16 inches. Large black eyes, pronounced ears, long tails. Found throughout western states. Create nests using wooden materials. Particularly destructive when inside homes, chewing through wiring and insulation.

Marsh Rat (Rice Rat)

Medium-sized, predominantly found in Southeastern US with heavy presence along Gulf and Florida. Males weigh up to 3 ounces, length up to 10 inches. Adapted for wetland habitat with coat that traps air for buoyancy and webbed digits for swimming.

Salmonella

Bacterial infection causing fever, abdominal cramps, diarrhea. Transmitted when rats contaminate food. Symptoms appear within 3 days.

Leptospirosis

From contact with infected rat urine. Causes fever, headache, chills, vomiting. Can lead to kidney damage, liver failure, meningitis.

Plague

Spread by fleas carried by rats. Causes fever, chills, weakness. Serious cases show painful swollen lymph nodes. Requires potent antibiotics.

Hantavirus

Found in rat urine, droppings, saliva. Spreads through contact or inhalation. Causes fever, muscle aches, respiratory difficulties.

Rat-Bite Fever

Results from rat bite or scratch. Symptoms include fever, vomiting, headache, rash. Can cause pneumonia, meningitis, heart problems.

Seal Access Points

Inspect for cracks, holes, and vents rats can use. Check crawl spaces, attics, basements, garages, and laundry rooms for vulnerable points.

Clean and Sanitize

Remove remnants of previous infestation. Rat urine contains pheromones that attract other rats. Sanitize nests and contaminated areas properly.

Secure Food and Trash

Store food and trash in containers with tightly fitted lids. Remove attractants that draw rats to your property.